Kungfuorgongfuorgungfu(功夫,Pinyin:gōngfu)isaChinesetermoftenusedbyspeakersoftheEnglishlanguagetorefertoChinesemartialarts.Itsoriginalmeaningissomewhatdifferent,referringtoone'sexpertiseinanyskill,notnecessarilymartial.TheChineseliteralequivalentofChinesemartialartwouldbe中国武术zhōngguówǔshù.Initsoriginalmeaning,kungfucanrefertoanyskill.Gōngfu(功夫)isacompoundoftwowords,combining功(gōng)meaningachievementormerit,and夫(fū)whichtranslatesintoman,sothataliteralrenderingwouldbehumanachievement.Itsconnotationisthatofanaccomplishmentarrivedatbygreateffort.InMandarin,whentwofirsttonewordssuchasgōngandfūarecombined,thesecondwordoftentakesaneutraltone,inthiscaseforminggōngfu.Originally,topracticekungfudidnotjustmeantopracticeChinesemartialarts.Instead,itreferredtotheprocessofone'straining-thestrengtheningofthebodyandthemind,thelearningandtheperfectionofone'sskills-ratherthantowhatwasbeingtrained.Itreferstoexcellenceachievedthroughlongpracticeinanyendeavor.Youcansaythataperson'skungfuisgoodincooking,orthatsomeonehaskungfuincalligraphy;sayingthatapersonpossesseskungfuinanareaimpliesskillinthatarea,whichtheyhaveworkedhardtodevelop.Someonewithbadkungfusimplyhasnotputenoughtimeandeffortintotraining,orseemstolackthemotivationtodoso.KungfuisalsoanameusedfortheelaborateFujianteaceremony(Kung-fucha).ThetermkungfuwasnotpopularlyusedinthesenseofChinesemartialartuntilthe20thcentury,thusthewordwouldbeseldomfoundinanyancienttexts.[citationneeded]ThetermwasfirstknowntohavebeenreportedbytheFrenchJesuitmissionaryJeanJosephMarieAmiot,inthe18thcentury.ThetermwasuncommoninthemainstreamEnglishlanguageuntilthelate1960s,whenitbecamepopularduetoHongKongfilms,BruceLee,andlaterthetelevisionseriesKungFu.Beforethe1960sKungFuwasreferredtoprimarilyasChineseboxing.Incontemporaryhackerculturethefuhasbeengeneralizedtoasuffix,implyingthatthethingsuffixedinvolvesgreatskilloreffort.Forexample,onemaytalkofscript-futorefertocomplicatedscripting.Itisunknownwhetherthiswasconsciouslybasedontheoriginal,broadermeaningofthetermorwhetheritwasasimplewordplayonthelessgeneralWesternnotionofkungfu.

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